Amanda Son
Anthropology 269
21 September 2008
MSG: Healthy or Not?
What is MSG? MSG or monosodium glutamate is a fine, white powder salt that acts as a flavor enhancer commonly used in foods. While many people think that it is an artificial chemical, it is actually a substance that “occurs naturally in beets, kelp, mushrooms, tomatoes, wheat, and soybeans” as stated in the world's largest food encyclopedia. However, now, it is made commercially from wheat or from fermenting sugar beet molasses. For a long time, there has been a battle raging on whether MSG is a neurotoxin or an indispensable element of cooking.
Scientifically, MSG is the salt of the L-glutamic acid (GLU) which is the most common amino acid found in the body. According to James J. Kenney, Ph.D., R.D of the National Council Against Health Fraud, GLU is common, it is naturally in every plant and animal. In actuality, “most proteins found in plants and animals contain from 5 to 25% GLU”. Also, the human body produces glutamate naturally; it is a substance that plays a vital role in the normal functioning of the human body's nervous system. As Americans, we consume at least 5,000 – 10,000 mg of GLU daily and in contrast, Americans consume very little added MSG. According to the FDA, MSG is recognized as being safe and is classified as a food ingredient. In a 1995 report by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, they found no evidence that posed MSG as a serious threat to the public health. Conversely, there are still many groups of people and individuals that believe MSG poses a serious threat to the body's health and well-being.
Despite studies that show that MSG is relatively benign and harmless, there is still research claiming the destructiveness and harmfulness of monosodium glutamate. Many groups, such as the National Organization to Stop Glutamate claim that MSG causes “headaches, migraines, stomach upset, flushing, sweating, numbness, rapid heartbeats, chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, and mood changes. They even claim that MSG can create neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer’s disease. However, due to the propaganda aspect of the site, not all of the health problems listed have been evidenced nor shown to be related to the consumption of MSG. In other studies though, MSG is shown to be harmful when consumed in high levels. It is shown that MSG has been known to destroy brain tissue in mice, but in feeding MSG to other animals such as dogs, monkeys, and rabbits, it failed to show any brain damage. The animals were fed high doses of 42g MSG/Kg body weight, for an average man, the dose would be around 6 pounds of MSG daily.
With all this controversy over MSG, one wonders why companies even bother to add the substance in food. If a food additive was given the title of being a neurotoxin that causes bodily harm, shouldn't companies stop adding the harmful substance? However, while there are many negative claims on MSG, there are still studies coming out asserting the safeness of MSG. Moreover, there are several other reasons why. First, MSG is a flavor enhancer, while it does not have real taste of its own, it tricks and stimulates the taste buds in the tongue so that the tongue tastes other flavors more vividly. In essence, it makes food taste better. Many people also regard the flavor to a fifth taste, umami. The Japanese describe umami as being a salty and meaty flavor. Secondly, more insulin is produced due to the stimulation of the pancreas. In a sneaky tactic, the food industry uses MSG to release more insulin, thus when insulin is released, blood sugar drops, resulting in hunger. So, MSG can also create hunger, which will result in more money for the food companies. Thirdly, adding MSG in food allows food companies to use less resources. The MSG in food will make people believe that there are more protein in food then there actually is.
MSG, whether it is healthy or not cannot be fully answered, there are still studies and researches that are going on that are trying to answer the very question. While MSG will always carry a stigma as being a processed food additive that is harmful to the body or “crack for the brain”, there will always be studies that will counter that claim and vice versa. Avoiding MSG in food is extremely hard, MSG is almost in everything. In most foods, MSG can be listed as other things such as 'flavor enhancer'. MSG is also produced during processing can also be listed as natural flavoring, bouillon, soy sauce, seasonings, protease, whey, and anything protein fortified as stated by Mary Moss, a writer for www.helium.com. One of the best ways to avoid eating excess MSG is to eat foods that are as close to their source as possible, as stated by Michael Pollan in his book, The Omnivore's Dilemma, “ “Eating is an agricultural act, as Wendell Berry famously said. It is also an ecological act, and a political act, too. Though much has been done to obscure this simple fact, how and what we eat determines to a great extent the use we make of the world—and what is to become of it. To eat with a fuller consciousness of all that is at stake might sound like a burden, but in practice few things in life afford quite as much satisfaction” (Pollan 10). Another is to avoid processed food and eat locally and organically. To avoid MSG consumption, the common mantra of eating should be as said by Michael Pollan, “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants.”
Work Cited
Kenney, Ph.D., R.D., F.A.C.N. , James . "Is MSG a Serious Public Health Problem? ." 09022008 1-5. 22 Sep 2008
"Monosodium Glutamate." Practically Edible. 22 Sep 2008
Moss, Mary. "Monosodium Glutamate (MSG): Effects on health." www.helium.com. 22 Sep 2008
Pollan, Michael. Omnivore's Dilemma.
“What exactly is MSG?." MSG Truth . 22 Sep 2008